Age differences in Delinquency

Age differences in Delinquency

Introduction

Delinquency revolves around engaging in behaviors that are against the set norms of the society, i.e., acts that can be considered illegal, disruptive, and disorderly. Practicing such kinds of actions has negative consequences such as dependency on drugs, school drop out among minors, and incarceration to the adults. Delinquency is brought about by various factors, and this includes; factors based on the individual’s family, for instance, poverty, behaviors that are antisocial within the family, and psychopathy. Considerations based on the school and society, for instance, are poor performance academically and disorganized neighborhoods that are prone to violence. Lastly, the factors based on peer pressure, for example, peer rejection, also play a primary role in Delinquency (NCSL, 2020). On this basis, the single most critical time for the prevention of Delinquency is when an individual is still a juvenile.

The theory of social control plays a huge role in explaining this fact, according to (Costello & Laub, 2020). According to this theory, if the groups that an individual belongs to are considered weak, the individual’s dependence on them is lessened and therefore tends to depend on only oneself. This means that such individuals only conform to rules that they think would benefit them and not those established by society. This theory particularly applies to juveniles since they are the age group who mostly depend on groups in the form of peers to develop socially. This theory, therefore, claims that the social bond created by these groups is the only thing that leads to compliance with laws among individuals. This social bond is, however, bound by four factors that are considered inter-connected. This includes belief, involvement, attachment, and commitment. To begin with, attachment is fundamentally mentioned as individuals having a connection emotionally. This meant that individuals illustrate a tendency of loving and caring about others and, as a result, also respecting them (Costello & Laub, 2020). Therefore, this being the case, individuals tend to be sensitive towards other peoples’ opinions towards them.

As the norm of social order depends on agreement or accord, parents and other social leaders such as teachers unwaveringly disapprove manners and habits that are considered illegal, disruptive and disorderly by juveniles, meaning that minors involving themselves in such behaviors would have negative ramifications. This helps juveniles avoid delinquency behaviors from an early stage. Commitment is also another factor, according to this theory, that helps prevent delinquent behavior among juveniles. Here the juvenile commits to long term goals of education and after that, career goals. These long-term goals help to obstruct Delinquency since the goals cannot be achieved if the individual practices behaviors that, in contrast to society’s norms. Involvement in activities that are considered standard; for instance, sports among juveniles’ helps reduce acts of Delinquency since, after the events, there is little time left to be involved in such activities. Finally, on the issue of belief, the contrast among ideas contributes a considerable part in the Delinquency of juveniles. Communities with strong beliefs on morality tend to have lower cases of Delinquency among youths since the community is firmly against immorality as compared to communities with less firm beliefs (Costello & Laub, 2020).

The control theory states that deviate behavior occurs when procedures that act to prevent it are not doing so effectively; this is according to Lagrange & White, (1985). This meant that juveniles with fragile bonds to the society consider themselves free and able to engage in Delinquency. It is further stated that socioeconomic status affects the processes of socialization, which, in effect, have a ramification on an individual’s delinquency rate. Lagrange & White, (1985) also claim that parental influence plays a primary role in the Delinquency of juveniles. In this sense, factors like love and attachment of parents to their children play a huge role in with a juvenile would illustrate delinquent behavior or not. School influence also plays a massive role in juvenile Delinquency. Negative school encounters result in negligent acts, while positive experiences like excellent performance in academics mitigate Delinquency. Finally, Lagrange & White, (1985) claimed that what primarily brings about the desire to practice delinquent behavior among juveniles is having delinquent allies. These allies, therefore, influence them to practice this kind of behavior with them. Thus, to mitigate this behavior in juveniles, the allies they keep should be put under scrutiny.

In conclusion, preventing Delinquency during the juvenile stage plays a considerable role in changing the course of juveniles from the inauspicious ramifications that come about due to delinquent behavior. Protective factors such as social inclination and attending school regularly help diminish the impact of the factors of risk which are associated with juvenile Delinquency. This is therefore considered a significant way of doing away with Delinquency.

References

Costello, B., & Laub, J. (2020). Social Control Theory: The Legacy of Travis Hirschi’s Causes of Delinquency. Annual Review of Criminology, 3(1), 21-41. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-criminol-011419-041527

National Conference of State Legislatures. (2020) Delinquency Prevention & Intervention. Retrieved 7 July 2020, from https://www.ncsl.org/documents/cj/jjguidebook-delinquency.pdf.

Lagrange, R., & White, H. (1985). Age Differences in Delinquency: A Test of Theory [eBook] (pp. 19-37). Blackwell Publishing Limited. Retrieved 7 July 2020, from http://20200704204354age_differences.pdf.

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