Effects of consensus-seeking behavior in groups

Terms & Concepts

Antecedents: According to Janis’s original 1972, there are five antecedent conditions that increase the likelihood of consensus-seeking behavior in groups. Janis thought group cohesion is a necessary, but not sufficient, condition for groupthink.

Consensus-seeking: Groupthink occurs when members of a group seek unanimity or consensus without “realistically appraising alternative courses of action” (Janis, 1972, p. 9). In other words, members of a group come to agreement on a decision or course of action without carefully weighing alternatives. According to Janis’s model, consensus-seeking is most likely to occur when the five antecedent conditions are present.

Group Cohesion: According to Janis, group cohesiveness is a necessary but insufficient antecedent condition of groupthink. Janis defined cohesion in terms of the mutual attractiveness of group members—that is, their amiability and esprit de corps—but others believe cohesion is more accurately defined as loyalty to a leader or motivation to maintain group identity. In general, subsequent research has had trouble confirming the link between cohesion and groupthink.

Groupthink: Three years after Janis first introduced his theory, groupthink was added to Webster’s Dictionary, defined as “conformity to group values and ethics. ” Although the full groupthink model includes antecedents, as well as symptoms of groupthink and defective decision making, Janis (1972) refers to the phenomenon in shorthand as “a mode of thinking that people engage in when they are deeply involved in a cohesive in-group, when the members’ strivings for unanimity override their motivation to realistically appraise alternative courses of action” (p. 9).

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